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A parliamentary election was held in Madagascar on 23 September 2007, with the vote to be repeated in two constituencies on 14 November 2007.〔("Élections communales le 12 décembre 2007 : vers une abstention accrue ?" ), ''Temoignages'', October 25, 2007 .〕 637 candidates contested the election, in which the 127 seats in the National Assembly were at stake.〔Gregoire Pourtier, ("Madagascans choose new leaders" ), AFP (''IOL''), September 24, 2007 .〕 In Toliara Province on 20 July 2007, President Marc Ravalomanana announced he would soon dissolve the National Assembly, leading to an early parliamentary election.〔("President makes unexpected announcement" ), AFP (''IOL''), 20 July 2007.〕〔("Madagascan National Assembly to be dissolved" ), Xinhua (''People's Daily Online''), 25 July 2007.〕 Speaking to the press on July 24, Ravalomanana cited the need to adapt to the situation under the constitutional changes passed earlier this year as grounds for dissolving parliament before the end of its term in May 2008.〔 The decision was finally announced on 26 July 2007 after a Council of Ministers meeting; the ministers had agreed to reduce the number of parliamentarians from 160 to 127 to be elected in the 119 districts of Madagascar across the country.〔("Parliamentary elections in Madagascar to be held in September" ), Xinhua (''People's Daily Online''), 26 July 2007.〕 All candidacies had to be submitted by August 14.〔("TIM; Les candidats sont connus" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', N° 5631, August 14, 2007 .〕 The High Constitutional Court released its official list of 1,542 validated candidates on August 23.〔Iloniaina Alain, ("Madagascar: Hémorragie au sein du Tim - Des membres du Tim qui se représentent sous diverses étiquettes aux législatives." ), ''L'Express de Madagascar'' (allAfrica.com), August 24, 2007 .〕〔("Fraudes électorales; La vigilance chez l’opposition" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', N° 56340, August 25, 2007 .〕 The ruling Tiako I Madagasikara (TIM) was the only party with candidates in all constituencies;〔〔("Début de la campagne électorale législative" ), Xinhua (Jeuneafrique.com), September 8, 2007 .〕 these candidates included only about a fifth of the TIM deputies in the previous National Assembly.〔 About 20〔 of the deputies not nominated by TIM as candidates ran as independents instead;〔 TIM President Razoarimihaja Solofonantenaina described them as "not serious challengers".〔 Seven ministers in the government were nominated as TIM candidates:〔〔("Législatives du 23 septembre; Dix candidatures à suivre de près" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', N° 5650, September 6, 2007 .〕 Yvan Randriasandratriniony, Minister near the Presidency in charge of Decentralization, in Fianarantsoa I;〔〔Iloniaina Alain, ("Afrique: Quatorze candidats à Fianarantsoa" ), ''L'Express de Madagascar'' (allAfrica.com), 24 August 2007 .〕 Koto Bernard, Minister of the Environment, in Ifanadiana; Robinson Jean Louis, Minister of Health, in Alaotra-Mangoro; Patrick Ramiaramanana, Minister of Energy, in Antananarivo I; Andriamparany Radavidson, Minister of Finance, in Antananarivo IV; Donat Olivier Andriamahefamparany, Minister of Mines, in Antananarivo V; and Harifidy Ramilison, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, in Fort-Dauphin.〔〔("Former Malagasy Premier, seven cabinet ministers stand for parliamentary polls" ), African Press Agency, September 24, 2007.〕 Many criticized the candidacies of these ministers because they were expected to remain in the government after the election, leaving their National Assembly seats to their substitutes.〔 Another notable TIM candidate was former Prime Minister Jacques Sylla on Île Sainte-Marie.〔〔 An alliance of opposition parties agreed to nominate a single candidate for each constituency, but although they reached a consensus on single candidates in some constituencies, in most cases they did not.〔〔〔("Dépôt de candidature pour les législatives; Les opposants se plaignent" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', N° 5631, August 14, 2007 .〕 One notable opposition candidate is Jean Lahiniriko, who was elected as a TIM candidate in the December 2002 parliamentary election and became President of the National Assembly before having a falling out with the ruling party and running against Ravalomanana in the December 2006 presidential election. He stood as a candidate in the parliamentary election for his new party, the Socialist and Democratic Party for the Unity of Madagascar (PSDUM), in the Betioky South constituency.〔Iloniaina Alain, ("Madagascar: Duel entre Lahiniriko et Tsitohery à Betioky Sud" ), ''L'Express de Madagascar'' (allAfrica.com), August 28, 2007 .〕 The former ruling party AREMA was divided on whether to contest the election. The faction of the party associated with former president Didier Ratsiraka chose not to participate, unlike the faction associated with Pierrot Rajaonarivelo. The Ratsiraka faction sought to prevent the Rajaonarivelo faction's participation, but on August 23 the High Constitutional Court ruled that it could participate.〔Iloniaina Alain, ("Madagascar: Arema pro-Pierrot Rajaonarivelo - la HCC donne son feu vert" ), ''L'Express de Madagascar'' (allAfrica.com), August 25, 2007 .〕 The election campaign began on September 8 and continued for two weeks.〔 There were about 7.5 million registered voters in this election and 17,586 polling stations across the country.〔 Provisional results on September 24 showed TIM winning all six of the constituencies in Antananarivo, the capital, where each constituency is represented by two deputies.〔("Législatives malgaches: le parti présidentiel remporte les grandes villes" ), AFP (Jeuneafrique.com), September 24, 2007 .〕 In the city of Toamasina, considered an opposition stronghold, TIM candidate Pierrot Botozaza was victorious.〔("Political surprises, low voter turnout in Malagasy legislative polls" ), African Press Agency, September 24, 2007.〕 TIM also won in the cities of Fianarantsoa〔(Results in Fianarantsoa I ), Ministry of the Interior and Administrative Reform .〕 and Antsiranana,〔(Results in Antsiranana I ), Ministry of the Interior and Administrative Reform .〕 but in one of the main cities it suffered a defeat, with its candidate losing to an independent candidate, Harinjatovo Rakotondramanana ("Hary Kalizy"), in the Mahajanga I constituency.〔〔(Results for Mahajanga I ), Ministry of the Interior and Administrative Reform .〕 Voter turnout was low, particularly in urban areas; in some of the Antananarivo constituencies it was as low as 20%, and there were similarly low numbers in some other cities.〔〔 Complete provisional results were released by the Ministry of the Interior and Administrative Reform on September 28. These results showed TIM winning 106 of the 127 seats;〔("Législatives malgaches: large victoire du parti présidentiel" ), AFP (Jeuneafrique.com), September 28, 2007 .〕〔("Landslide win for Malagasy leader" ), BBC News, September 28, 2007.〕 the remaining seats were won by independent candidates or regional parties, except for that of Befandriana-Avaratra constituency, which was won by LEADER-Fanilo candidate Jonah Parfait Prezaly, and that of Benenitra constituency, which was won by Liaraike candidate Gaston Rakotobezanahary.〔("Législatives du 23 septembre; 20 districts échappent au TIM" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', October 9, 2007 .〕 Observers from the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and the African Union gave a positive appraisal of the election.〔("Observateurs internationaux; Déclarations... plutôt diplomatiques" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', September 27, 2007 .〕 The High Constitutional Court confirmed the results on October 13, making them official. It annulled the election in two constituencies, Bealanana and Mananara Avaratra, requiring the election to be held over again there.〔("Arrêt n°18-HCC/AR du 13 octobre 2007, portant proclamation des résultats officiels de l’élection des députés à l’Assemblée Nationale du 23 septembre 2007" ), High Constitutional Court website, October 13, 2007 .〕〔("Législatives du 23 septembre; Deux scrutins annulés" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', October 15, 2007 .〕 In Bealanana, TIM candidate Julien Ramanandray had won with 42.90% of the vote according to the provisional results, while in Mananara Avaratra, opposition independent candidate Boniface Zakahely had won with 44.68% of the vote according to the provisional results. Zakahely said that the government was trying to keep him out of the National Assembly, but he vowed to win the revote regardless.〔 He was sentenced to 30 months in prison for assault and battery by the Court of Appeal of Toamasina on November 7.〔("Zakahely Boniface; Condamné à 30 mois d’emprisonnement ferme" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', November 8, 2007 .〕 The vote was repeated in the two annulled constituencies on 14 November 2007.〔("Législative partielle : des défaites sans conséquence pour le TIM" ), aody.mg, November 22, 2007 .〕 The new National Assembly began sitting on October 23, having been delayed by one week.〔("Rentrée parlementaire; Reportée au 23 octobre" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', October 16, 2007 .〕 When the new session of the National Assembly began, Jacques Sylla was elected as the President of the National Assembly; he was the only candidate and received 123 votes from the 124 participating deputies.〔("Assemblée nationale; Jacques Sylla, plébiscité !" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', October 24, 2007 .〕 Ravalomanana named a new government on October 27.〔("Remaniement ministeriel a Madagascar" ), Xinhua (Sobika.com), October 27, 2007 .〕 Ministers Donat Andriamahefamparany and Koto Bernard, who were elected to the National Assembly, left their posts; Deputy Minister Harifidy Ramilison, the only one of the seven ministers running in the election to be defeated, was also excluded from the government on this occasion.〔("Gouvernement; Cinq ministres sur la touche" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', October 29, 2007 .〕 On November 21,〔("Législatives partielles; Victoire confirmée de Zakahely et Lazafeno" ), ''Madagascar Tribune'', November 22, 2007 .〕〔("Portant proclamation des résultats officiels des élections partielles des députés à l’Assemblée Nationale du 14 novembre 2007 dans les circonscriptions électorales de Bealanana et de Mananara Avaratra" ), High Constitutional Court, Arrêt n°22-HCC/AR, November 21, 2007 .〕 the High Constitutional Court announced the final results of the partial election: in Mananara Avaratra, Boniface Zakahely won again in the rerun with 62.75% of the vote, while in Bealanana, TIM was defeated by Antoko Miombona Ezaka candidate Lazafeno, who won 52.61% of the vote.〔 The Court ordered candidates who received at least 10% of the vote to be compensated for the expense of printing ballot papers.〔〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Malagasy parliamentary election, 2007」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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